Gardening in July, August, and September presents challenges, and getting water to plants is one of the main chores of the summer garden here in the Mid-Atlantic. Learn to observe which plants require extra water, and which will survive without additional irrigation. Watering takes patience, careful observation, and involvement. What needs water during a dry spell? Think about the plants that have been moved around the garden, or those newly installed since last winter. Newly planted shrubs, trees, and flowers will need regular watering. Their roots aren't yet "established," which means recovery from the shock of planting. Plentiful water in the first season will help the roots grow into the surrounding soil. It also protects the plant from desiccation when leaves lose water in hot spells. Even plants that are able to cope with dry summers once their roots have grown are liable to die without additional watering during their first summer.

Container plants need special attention in hot, dry weather. Be sure to water enough to keep the soil moist. This may mean daily watering during a long hot spell. Hanging plants can also dry out quickly. Climb up and check the soil by poking your finger in at least to the first knuckle joint. If the soil is damp one inch below the surface, the plant has sufficient water for a day. If the roots have dried out completely, take the pots down from their hooks and set them into a bucket of water, allowing the root ball to take up water from the bottom until it has been thoroughly dampened.

If you have an irrigation system, be sure to check it frequently to make sure that the correct amount of water is being used. If you have to water manually here are a few tips to conserve water and keep your plants healthy:

• Water early in the day, if possible. Do not water by sprinkling into dry air during the hot middle portion of the day. Studies have shown that nearly half of water applied this way evaporates before getting to the plants.

• Water at the root zone, not on the leaves. Use soaker hoses or drip irrigation systems. This helps reduce the incidence of fungal diseases on your plants.

• Water less frequently but more deeply. This allows your plants to develop deeper root systems that will tolerate brief dry spells without additional irrigation.

• Make sure to mulch your planting beds. This helps the soil retain moisture and reduces the number of weeds competing for available water.

Going away on vacation? Garden supply stores and catalogs offer a plethora of watering gadgets and gizmos to keep your plants alive while you are away. There are hose timers, gravity-fed drip systems for containers, self-watering planters and many more. Each item has pros and cons, so consider carefully before you buy. And be sure to test your system out for a few days before you leave to make sure it works the way you want it to. Ask a neighbor to check to make sure it is working during your absence. If you don’t have an obliging neighbor to look after your plants, consider hiring a landscape company to perform your watering chores while you are away. That way you can enjoy your vacation without worrying about your plants at home.

With a proper watering regimen, your garden will remain a cool and inviting oasis during the heat of the summer.